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Nutrition in Clinical Practice
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Clinical Research

Fish Oil Supplementation Lowers C-Reactive Protein Levels Independent of Triglyceride Reduction in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease

Rodney G. Bowden, PhD1
Ronald L. Wilson, MD2
Erika Deike, MS1
Mindy Gentile, RD, LD, MS3

From 1 Baylor University, Wako, Texas;2 Central Texas Nephrology Associates, Wako, Texas; and3 NutrePletion Resources, Bensalem, Pennsylvania.

Correspondence: Address correspondence to: Rodney G. Bowden, School of Education, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798-7304; e-mail: Rodney_Bowden{at}baylor.edu.

Background: Inflammation has been identified as a marker for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of fish oil fatty acid supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Methods: The study uses a double-blind, permuted-randomized, and placebo-controlled experimental protocol. Patients are randomly placed into a fish oil group or a control group. Thirty-three patients in the experimental and control groups ingest 2 soft-gel pills (1 g each) of fish oil supplements containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or placebo at each meal. Patients follow the supplementation protocol for 6 months. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to measure pretest and posttest differences in the variable of interest. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality is used to test whether CRP levels are normally distributed. Results:The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for CRP finds a P value of .273 (KS = .997), revealing that the distribution is normal. ANOVA reveals no statistically significant difference between groups at baseline for CRP (F = 4.118, P = .053). ANOVA reveals a significant main effect (F = 4.29, P = .048) for CRP, with the EPA/DHA group having a significant change in values from pretest (16 mg/dL, standard deviation [SD] = 13.80) to posttest (10.22 mg/dL, SD = 7.87). The placebo group's CRP levels do not change significantly from pretest (13.37, standard deviation [SD] = 7.94) to posttest (13.67, SD = 7.07). An observed power calculation using Cohen's D with a computed {alpha} of .05 is .588. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that consuming 960 mg/d of EPA and 600 mg/d of DHA can lower CRP.

Key Words: C-reactive protein • fish oils • docosahexaenoic acids • {omega}-3 fatty acids

This version was published on August 1, 2009

Nutrition in Clinical Practice, Vol. 24, No. 4, 508-512 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0884533609335376
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